四川盆地：周缘活动主控下形成的叠合盆地   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

刘树根 邓宾孙玮  钟勇李智武  李金玺姜磊 《地质科学》2018,(1):308-326

四川盆地位于扬子板块西缘和青藏高原东缘,地震勘探资料等揭示盆地前寒武纪基底保存完整的古俯冲带和地堑-地垒结构,说明盆地基底后期构造活动非常稳定;显生宙以来经历晚震旦世-石炭纪、二叠纪-中三叠世两幕克拉通边缘强拉张-强挤压,而克拉通内弱拉张-弱挤压的构造演化过程,体现出盆地内部稳定性结构沉积演化特征。克拉通内弱拉张初期以海相碳酸盐岩大面积稳定沉积（即震旦系灯影组和二叠系栖霞-茅口组）和随后的风化壳岩溶作用（即桐湾期、东吴期等不整合面）为特征,弱拉张期以拉张槽（如：绵阳-长宁拉张槽和开江-梁平拉张槽等）的形成为典型特征;弱挤压则以古隆起（如：加里东期乐山-龙女寺古隆起、印支期泸州古隆起等）的发育为典型特征。四川盆地晚三叠世后的前陆盆地演化阶段受控于其周缘造山带逆冲推覆构造活动,是现今地貌和构造盆地的主要建造期,形成了四川盆地周缘突变（线型）和渐变（弥散型）两种盆山结构。盆地西边界（龙门山）和北边界（米仓山-大巴山）即是线型突变边界,也是扬子地块（板块）的边界,边界几何形状和扬子板块刚性特征对盆山系统结构-构造特征等有较大的控制作用;四川盆地的东边界（齐岳山-大娄山）和西南边界（大凉山）即是渐变弥散型边界,同时也是板（陆）块内部的边界,它们受控于邻区（盆外）的构造变形和盆内沉积盖层中滑脱层的分布特征。受控于盆地（克拉通）周缘活动,四川盆地垂向上前寒武纪基底与盖层、盖层内早期和晚期构造具解耦特征。基底与盖层构造的解耦有利于盆地内部前寒武纪基底结构构造的保存和盖层内大型隆-坳结构的形成演化;盖层内早期和晚期构造的解耦有利于早期构造免遭后期破环,对深层油气藏的保存意义重大。总之,四川盆地可能是具独特形成过程和特征的叠合盆地新类型,其突出特征表现为周缘活动、内部稳定及早期和晚期构造解耦。  相似文献   

香龙山背斜几何学、运动学及成因机制          下载免费PDF全文

邓铭哲何登发  李英强张煜颖 张旭亮 《地质科学》2018,(1):289-307

华南板块北侧大巴山构造带和内部雪峰山构造带的关系是华南板块陆内构造变形研究的重要内容。香龙山背斜位于大巴山构造带和雪峰山构造带之间,记录了两构造带相互复合、相互协调的重要信息。为研究香龙山背斜的几何学、运动学特征,分析其形成机制,本次研究利用香龙山地区最新的地震剖面,结合地质图分析、浅表地质剖面绘制等手段,取得了如下结论：1） 香龙山背斜为一短轴状背斜,背斜具有较为宽阔、平坦的顶部和较短的两翼,其西南侧发育构造鼻;2） 香龙山背斜的主要运动学模型为下部断层转折褶皱与上部构造楔复合的模型,其地层变形受到基底物质堆叠抬升的影响;3） 香龙山背斜形成于晚侏罗世-早白垩世,在古近纪遭受改造,这两个变形时期分别对应了香龙山背斜形成现今形态的两个阶段。香龙山背斜南北方向上缩短了11.4 km,缩短率为22.7%;4） 香龙山背斜是在雪峰山构造带北向挤压作用下,由来自大巴山构造带、雪峰山构造带的共同作用力形成的,后期改造作用可能受控于青藏高原了隆升对整个中国中、西部的影响。  相似文献   

Volume estimation and stage division of the Mahu landslide in Sichuan Province,China     

Yulong Cui  Jianhui Deng  Chong Xu 《Natural Hazards》2018,93(2):941-955

The Mahu lake, the third deepest lake in China, is located on the west bank of the Jinsha River in Leibo county, Sichuan Province. It is a dammed lake created by an old landslide on the ancient Huanglang river, a tributary on the west bank of the Jinsha River. Previous studies (Wang and Lu in J Mt Res S1:44–47, 2000) suggested that this landslide was caused by an earthquake approximately 372 ka (Middle Pleistocene), during which a few hundreds of million cubic meters of debris were deposited between 1177 and 900 m a.s.l. (above sea level), covering an area of around 15 km². Our further investigations, including geodetic survey, borehole drilling, and field reconnaissance, combining with five chronological data, have made some new discoveries at this site. First, the toe of the landslide extends from 900 m a.s.l. down to 320 m a.s.l., i.e., the local bed elevation of the contemporary Jinsha River. Second, the area of the landslide deposits is 17.3 km² with a volume of 2.38 km³, much larger than the previous estimation. Thus, it should be one of the largest known landslides in China. And the lower elevation of the landslide’s toe also rules out the possibility that it is a hanging valley on the ancient Huanglang river. Our work suggests that this landslide was created by five events according to the overlapping characteristics of the deposits and five chronological data, which are old than 52,600 years, old than 16,000 years, old than 15,500 years, 5800 years, and old than 4200 years, respectively.  相似文献   

川滇黔邻区龙马溪组页岩气富集主控因素与勘探方向   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

汪正江  余谦  杨平  刘伟  杨菲  刘家洪  熊国庆  何江林  邓奇 《沉积与特提斯地质》2018,38(3):1-15

中国的页岩气资源评价必须立足于中国主要陆块的地质条件与构造演化特点之上,对于不同层系、不同地区的页岩气选区评价,也必须抓住关键因素。川滇黔邻区的五峰组-龙马溪组富有机质页岩发育,但保存条件较渝东南地区更为复杂。印支期以来,该区经历了多期次构造应力场转换,断裂、褶皱发育,因此,建立针对性的页岩气选区评价参数体系是该区页岩气勘探走出困局的当务之急。本文在分析该区已有页岩气钻井成效的基础上,立足于扬子海相层系页岩气勘探应是基于保存条件的"连续型甜点区"的选区评价基本思路,结合前人研究成果,系统梳理出一套评价指标体系。该体系涵盖5大因素(区域盖层、直接盖层、底板条件、页岩层自身条件、构造改造强度)、4个等级、17个选区评价参数。另外,根据已有相关钻井数据,总结提出了5个页岩气层评价表征参数(含气量、孔隙度、电阻率、氮气组分含量和压力系数)。根据该指标体系,对川滇黔邻区的主要构造单元进行了梳理分析,优选出5个有利区,提出了各有利区的首选可能突破点。本研究对复杂构造区页岩气有利区带优选具有一定的指导意义。  相似文献   

Network-based triple-frequency carrier phase ambiguity resolution between reference stations using BDS data for long baselines     

Weiming Tang  Mingxing Shen  Chenlong Deng  Jianhui Cui  Jia Yang 《GPS Solutions》2018,22(3):73

Network-based ambiguity resolution (AR) between reference stations is the prerequisite to realize a precise real-time kinematic positioning service. With the help of BDS triple-frequency signals, we can efficiently deal with the ionospheric delay and tropospheric delay, and achieve rapid and reliable AR. To overcome the inaccurate ionospheric delay estimated by the geometry-free three carrier ambiguity resolution (GF TCAR) technique, which leads to failure in the original ambiguity resolution, we propose an ionospheric-free (IF) TCAR method to resolve the ambiguity between the reference stations over long baselines. Taking full advantage of the known positions of the reference stations, the easily resolved extra-wide-lane (EWL) ambiguity, and the IF phase combinations, we can reliably fix the wide-lane (WL) ambiguity. A Kalman filter is applied to estimate precise IF ambiguities and the original ambiguity is resolved with the fixed WL ambiguity. A numerical analysis with triple-frequency BDS data from three long baselines of a CORS network is provided to compare the AR performance of GF TCAR with that of IF TCAR. The results show that both methods can reliably resolve the WL ambiguity with a remarkable correctly-fixed rate of higher than 99%, and the reliably-fixed rates of the IF TCAR slightly increase from 92.19, 94.67 and 94.61–98.26, 99.54 and 97.51% for the three baselines. Herein “correctly-fixed” and “reliably-fixed” mean the difference between the float ambiguity and the true one are less than ± 0.5 and ± 0.25 cycles, respectively. On the other hand, the AR performance of the original signals with the IF TCAR method is much better than that with the GF TCAR method attaining a 100% correctly-fixed rate, while the GF TCAR method can hardly fix the original ambiguity with the largest bias being as much as 4 cycles because of the amplified systematic bias.  相似文献   

An improved ionosphere interpolation algorithm for network RTK in low-latitude regions     

Jianhui Cui  Weiming Tang  Lei Jin  Chenlong Deng  Xuan Zou  Shengfeng Gu 《GPS Solutions》2018,22(4):109

A traditional interpolation algorithm with the linear interpolation method (LIM) using a fixed number of reference stations is widely used in network RTK to obtain the ionospheric delays for the users. In low-latitude regions, where the ionosphere is relatively active, however, large interpolation errors exist, especially for satellites at low elevation angles. Considering the characteristics of “coinciding ionospheric pierce points (CIPPs)” with a similar nature of ionospheric delays, an improved interpolation algorithm is proposed. In this algorithm, all stations with CIPPs are used to establish the interpolation model; thus, more precise interpolation model is achieved. To validate the performance of the proposed algorithm, data from some reference stations in Guangdong Province of China were used, and the results are compared with those with the traditional interpolation algorithm. Numerical analysis shows that the interpolation accuracy of the proposed algorithm increases by 10–30% compared with the traditional one. Since the number of reference stations is flexible, the proposed algorithm can also balance the model accuracy with the computation burdens. In addition, the proposed algorithm is less affected by the selection of master reference station. In terms of network RTK on-the-fly positioning, the time-to-first-fix is reduced when replacing the traditional interpolation algorithm with the proposed one.  相似文献   

2010—2020年黄河下游河南典型灌区浅层地下水中砷和氟的演化特征及变化机制     

任宇  曹文庚  潘登  王帅  李泽岩  李谨丞 《岩矿测试》2021,(6):846-859

黄河下游典型灌区河南段是豫北平原重要的农业种植区。该地区浅层水质整体较差,因常用于作物灌溉或家畜饮用,会对人体健康产生风险,因此对该地区地下水中砷与氟浓度变化特征和机制的研究将有助于提高对该地区地下水污染的认识水平。本文基于2010年和2020年在灌区范围内采集的327组浅层地下水样品,研究区内地下水砷和氟分布情况,并在此基础上对比研究十年间灌区浅层地下水中砷、氟的演化特征,探索分析砷与氟浓度及空间变化机制。研究结果表明：该地区浅层地下水中存在砷与氟超标问题,2020年浅层地下水中高砷（砷浓度大于10μg/L）和高氟（氟浓度大于1mg/L）的样品数量分别占总数的26.1%和26.06%。高砷水分布在太行山前洼地与黄河冲积平原等泥沙互层结构的沉积环境中,还原性较强,同时地下水径流不畅,较强的阳离子交换作用使得其所处环境中Ca²⁺浓度较高。近十年间砷浓度增加的水样占总数31.8%,砷浓度减少的水样占36.7%。砷浓度的增长（减少）是地下水还原性增强（减弱）使得锰氧化物溶解释放（吸附）导致。近十年间不同地区农业灌溉和水源置换等用水方式导致水位变化是引起砷浓度变化的潜在因素。高氟水主要分布在河南新乡与濮阳的黄河沿线,氟离子浓度受到沉积物中萤石等钙质矿物溶解影响,使得高氟地下水出现在低钙环境中。近十年间研究区中氟离子浓度减少的占总数60.2%,氟离子浓度增加的占32.1%,整体变化趋势向好,但是高氟区中氟离子浓度继续增加。氟浓度的变化同样受到Ca²⁺变化影响,在Ca²⁺浓度降低（升高）时氟浓度进一步升高（降低）。地下水中氟升高地区分布在黄河沿线,因此受到黄河水补给影响较大,地下水径流条件较好,阳离子交换作用减弱,使得Ca²⁺浓度降低,此时地下水中砷浓度受到环境影响而降低,因此研究区氟增加地区中砷与氟的分布和演化呈现反向关系。  相似文献   

西太平洋地球动力学问题与未来大洋钻探目标          下载免费PDF全文

李春峰  周多  李刚  李志康  邓永康  刘文潇  温永林  陆哲哲  章露露  李珂迪 《地球科学》2021,46(3):759-769

西太平洋区域是全球地质构造和海陆相互作用最活动的区域,经过50多年的大洋钻探研究,人们对西太平洋弧后海底扩张成因、俯冲工厂的动力学机制、地幔演化过程、发震带、热点岩浆活动、沉积古环境等都有了深入研究和分析,但是西太平洋边缘海盆具有很大的构造多样性和复杂性,仍然有很多的科学目标和科学问题有待进一步开展研究.本文详细分析了边缘海盆的大洋岩石圈演化特殊性,原位上地幔蛇纹岩化的程度,初始俯冲与初始扩张的形成机制,海台、海山、海岭、洋脊、洋隆的属性,洋中脊水热循环活动的强度及其对大洋岩石圈演化的影响,岩石圈共轭张裂与破裂模式与机制,大洋红层与异常沉积这7个方面的科学问题,并建议就流体地球化学剖面、海山岩浆剖面、穆绍海沟与加瓜海脊、Ayu海槽、卡罗琳海岭系统、Eauripik海岭、冲绳海槽、莫霍面这8个关键具体目标开展详细的地球物理刻画并提出具有全球意义的钻探建议,为今后实现中国领导的全球大洋钻探工作提供思路.   相似文献   

东天山早中生代侵入体地球化学特征及其构造意义          下载免费PDF全文

高志武  吕昶良  邓明国  管申进  杨富强 《地球科学》2021,46(7):2287-2298

东天山百灵山西辉长岩、似斑状花岗岩近年来才被发现,为了解其成因及相关大地构造背景,对其进行地质学、地球化学、锆石U-Pb定年及Sr-Nd同位素分析.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,百灵山西辉长岩、似斑状花岗岩分别形成于236 Ma和228 Ma.辉长岩具有较低的SiO₂（43.50%~46.03%）含量,较高的CaO（11.40%~13.24%）、Fe₂O₃T（9.62%~11.84%）和MgO（6.02%~10.58%;Mg#=53~69）含量以及Ce/Pb、Ti/Zr、Ti/Y及Ba/Th比值,且富集LREE、LILE,表明其形成于受板片脱水流体交代地幔楔的部分熔融.似斑状花岗岩表现出I型花岗岩的特征,且具有较高的SiO₂（71.14%~72.71%）,强富集LREE[（La/Yb）_N=12.61~28.45]和LILE（例如Rb,K和Pb）,表明其形成于下地壳的部分熔融.而较高的Mg#（39~41）值、Ti/Y（154.40~306.18）比值,显示其源区有地幔物质的加入.结合前人研究成果,可知东天山地区在240 Ma以后已经进入陆内演化阶段,百灵山西辉长岩及似斑状花岗岩均形成于陆内环境.   相似文献   

扬子地块新元古代裂谷盆地莲沱组沉积分异及其物源分析          下载免费PDF全文

杜秋定  王剑  汪正江  邓奇  杨菲 《地球科学》2021,46(7):2529-2543

扬子地块莲沱组及相当地层单元的划分和对比,一直是我国南华系（即Cryogenian）研究关键难题之一.新元古代裂谷盆地开启早期,构造-沉积分异作用,同裂谷相变很大,使得盆地边缘区地层序列不完整.过分依赖岩石地层单元对比,历存分歧,典型的就是关于莲沱组与板溪群地层对比、时代归属以及莲沱组的沉积环境问题.本文通过对扬子地块东南缘莲沱组沉积古环境分析和锆石U-Pb精确定年,认为莲沱组沉积时限为790~720 Ma,相当于板溪群中上部,是华南新元古代裂谷盆地沉积充填序列的第Ⅱ旋回.莲沱组顶部U-Pb最小年龄约720 Ma,制约了扬子地块Sturtian冰期的启动年龄≤720 Ma.通过对中扬子地块从北向南展布的莲沱组陆相-海陆过渡相-海相不同的沉积单元岩相组合的沉积特征观察研究,分析沉积环境并建立了沉积模式;莲沱组及休宁组碎屑锆石记录了莲沱组沉积时该盆地在780~760 Ma经历了持续热隆升与地层剥蚀,揭示了中国南方扬子和华夏地块聚合与裂解事件的重要信息.   相似文献